![]() ![]() The course of disease is often unpredictable, with periods of relapse and remission, though severe disease is usually chronic. 3 Comorbid autoimmune diseases are common in AA. 2 It is a T-cell–mediated nonscarring form of hair loss of the scalp, face, and/or body, with an underlying immunoinflammatory pathogenesis. This article was funded by Pfizer.Īlopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune 1 disease with a lifetime incidence of approximately 2%. ![]() Pezalla is a paid consultant to Pfizer for market access and payer strategy concerns Fung, Tran, Bourret, Takiya, Peeples-Lamirande, and Napatalung are employees of Pfizer and hold stock in Pfizer. ![]() Better treatments are needed for patients, and JAK inhibitors, among other approaches, may address this tremendous unmet medical need.ĭISCLOSURES: Dr King reports seats on advisory boards for and/or is a consultant and/or clinical trial investigator for AbbVie, Aclaris Therapeutics Inc, AltruBio Inc, Almirall, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Bioniz Therapeutics, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Concert Pharmaceuticals Inc, Dermavant Sciences Inc, Eli Lilly and Company, Equillium, Incyte Corp, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, LEO Pharma, Otsuka/Visterra Inc, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi Genzyme, TWi Biotechnology Inc, and Viela Bio and speakers bureaus for AbbVie, Incyte, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi Genzyme. To support disease management, a disease severity classification tool, the Alopecia Areata Severity Scale, was recently developed that evaluates patients with AA holistically (extent of hair loss and other factors).ĪA is an autoimmune disease often associated with comorbidities and poor QoL, which poses a significant economic burden for payers and patients. However, several novel therapies that specifically target the immunopathology of AA have emerged, including Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitors such as baricitinib and deuruxolitinib, and the JAK3/tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (TEC) family kinase inhibitor ritlecitinib. Currently, there are limited data to reliably inform effective treatment decisions, particularly for patients with extensive disease. AA is predominantly treated using corticosteroids, systemic immunosuppressants, and topical immunotherapy. Patients with AA face economic burden and an increased prevalence of psychiatric disease, as well as numerous systemic comorbidities. Literature searches for AA were conducted using PubMed between 20 inclusive, using search terms covering the causes and diagnosis of AA, pathophysiology, comorbidities, disease management, costs, and impact on quality of life (QoL).ĪA is a polygenic autoimmune disease that significantly impacts QoL. We aim to provide health care decision makers an overview of the pathophysiology of AA, its causes and diagnosis, disease burden, costs, comorbidities, and information on current and emerging treatment options to help inform payer benefit design and prior authorization decisions. Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease with a complex pathophysiology resulting in nonscarring hair loss in genetically susceptible individuals. ![]()
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